We take many kinds of photographs.

Ex) Landscape, People, Foods, building, events and other thing (abject and unabject)

Sometimes, photo shows various feeling and situation for viewers.

Photo is part of ART. Sometimes, a photo gives magnificent effect.

-OPPOSITE opinion-

-Photograph is art or not?-

 This problem is “Is photograph the part of art?” and it had been discussed when the photographs were invented. There are the two answers and various reasons. It cannot answer simply like yes or no. Some people say the answer of this question is yes. The reason is art attracts many people and photographs also attract people in the world. There are many colors in art and photograph. The colorful expresses feeling, movement, circumstance and other things. Landscape and movement are art without taking the photographs. However, taking the phot of the landscape and the move as arts means to express the art. Other people say the answer of this problem is no. Because sometimes photograph is shown the real and true. Some photographers take the photographs of some events, some bright illumination or gorgeous places. Other photographers take the photographs of war, dispute or danger places. To take the photographs of danger situation is shown the real and true for us. The real and true is meaning to occur the accidents in the other countries now. We cannot turn our gaze away from these accidents. To take the photographs these accidents is not shown the artistic. This is just the real. In the way, photographs are not art. There are many denial opinions.

When photographs were invented first, the artist of photograph was not recognized. The reasons are Daguerreotype can reproduce the object correctly in detail, however, this was regarded the mechanical copy technical. Moreover, this was judged not to have the breath and soul that should live in the works of art. In other words, photographs were taken by Daguerreotype was the attractively, however, it was thought to only was the copy that was produced by the machine. However, the paper photograph was recognized because beauty of the paper photograph. In the beauty of paper photograph, it was similar to a woodprint, a watercolor painting and a wash drawing that was created generally in those days. In the early 1850, it was insisted the side of photograph as the art. In those days, photograph was the new technology to across the various field, thus it was the first aim to information exchange. A person said that the truth of art is not to imitate the natural foolish without mercy, is to interpret the natural spiritually. Other person emphasize the base of picture that to producing the peculiar “picturesque effect” to art-photograph is important the formation of screen, harmony and balance. Moreover, he insisted “combination printing,” is a photograph to make and combine the number of photograph, only be able to idealize and reconfigure the nature in the raw. The photograph as art is an artistic photograph through the various processes and it recognize as “art photograph” before one realized. In fact, “art photograph” that was taken and made by photographer is only “artistic photograph” and the observe that see it makes it truly art photograph. Thus photograph is art and is not art. Photograph has multiple aspects, too.

 The world is full of artistic things. Clear shapes and unclear shapes are artistic, too. Some people like to take photographs and others draw pictures. Other people like looking at photographs and paintings. I think all people experience art. They have an artistic because the art is not a correct solution. Recently, technology is changing camera functionality because it is developing the scientific techniques. It is a fact that the photo culture is also changing. There are diversifying means about how to use photos―to upload and share on Social Networking Service (LINE, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other SNS). Even ways to compose Haiku have changed to photo-haiku. Photography is displayed at art museums. We enjoy making photo albums and uploading them to the Internet and so on. These activities tend to spread photographs all over the world. The photograph remains a mystery and is magically attractive and it can express background (history), situations, our various feelings, our personality and our favorite things. Moreover it is changes the method to take some photographs. Before it is spreading multifunctional mobile phones such as smart photos, the compact cameras, the medium format film or the large format film were the mainstream method to take some photographs. It wonders which is the useful to take some photograph by Smartphones camera or Compact camera. Further it wonders why they choose it. Moreover, there are some photograph art museums recently. When the photographs invented on the world, have people ever thought that photographs is art? Truly, does photograph have artistic? In the modern times, it is serious to relate between photograph and media because media uses a lot of photograph and expresses that they has a misunderstanding. However, people are not worried about that because the seriousness of problem is not widely known in the world. It wonders that what is the media-photograph and what is the problem. Moreover I want to think that it is the ideal form of photograph in the future including these problems through history of photograph.

 Cameras and Photography has been in Japan for about 200 years. First, in 1816, Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, a French inventor, started experimenting and fixing pictures to use “camera obscura”. He was a pioneer and inventor in photography and he made a picture in 1825 that is the world’s oldest surviving product of a photographic process. His experiment was getting the image directly on heliographic paper. It was “camera obscura”. The word was named by Johannes Kepler, was a German astronomer. In 1822, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, a French artist and photographer, held diorama museum in Paris. In 18224, Nicéphore Niépce invented “Heliography”. After two years, he succeeded the world’s first landscape photography by “Heliography”. Daguerre knew about Niépce and he made a contract with cooperative research Niépce. In 1831, Daguerre used the photosensitive of Silver iodide and repeated the photograph experiment. Because of Nicéphore Niépce’s death in 1833, Daguerre continued the experiment by himself. William Henry Fox Talbot was a British scientist, succeeded to make a negative sticking leaves and laces on a blank paper applying Silver chloride. It is named “Photogenic drawing” (1835). In 1837, Daguerre discovered the way to be settled photographs by salt’s saturated solution. He took the photos narwhal of the studio. At science academy in France, “Daguerreotype” of invention was announced by Dominique François Jean Arago in 1839. François Arago was a French mathematician and physicist. The same year, at British Throne Association, Fox Talbot introduced his photography. Hippolyte Bayard also devised his photography by direct positive method. The diorama museum in Paris burned down. In 1841, Fox Talbot named new his photography “Calotype,” he took out its patent. John Frederick William Herschel was an English polymath, inventor and experimental photographer. He invented the “Cyanotype.” Fox Talbot held the place of photo printing. He published “The Pencil of Nature,” was the first photographically illustrated book in 1843. In 1847, Calotype Society (was the world’s first photographic society) found in London. This is London photographic society now. Niépce de Saint-Victor invented way to make the negative by albumen print on the glass plate in 1848. In 1850, Frederick Scott Archer invented “Collodion process,” it the modern gelatin emulsion. At A World Exposition in London, the photographs attracted more attention from people in 1851. The same time, “Stereogram” was opened. In 1854, “Ambrotype” was invented. In 1855, “Carbon Print” was contrived. The carte-de-visits were very popular in 1858. Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, known by the pseudonym Nadar, became the first person to taking Aerial photographs in 1858. He also held a photo studio in Paris in 1860. In 1854, André Adolphe Eugène Disderi made “the Carte de visit” and took out its patent. He was a French photographer. Yanagawa Shunsan was a Western scholar, published “Shashinnkyouzusetsu” that was the first photographs in Japan in 1867. In 1868, Louis Ducos du Hauron, was a Frenchman and color photography’s pioneer, took out patent of Color photography using additive color method. “Photographic Plate” was invented by Richard Leach Maddox who was an English photographer in 1871. In 1872 Edward Muybridge started to experiment taking photographs of a galloping horse. After six years, he succeeded to shoot sequence photographs of a sprinting horse. It was like a short movie. Étienne-Jules Marey invented “Chronophotograph” in 1882. It subsequently superimposed a number of exercise form on a dry plate by using a photo gun. The photo film made from celluloid was invented by Eastman Kodak Company in 1885.

In 1895, it was announced the projector “Cinematograph” that can watch the sixteenth scene per one minutes by Auguste and Louis Lumière brothers, were born in France. In 1903, Agfa-Gevaert NV in German invented the panchromatic film that was a type of black-and-white photographic emulsion that is sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light. Lumière brothers announced Autochrome Lumière that made the full-color photographs by minute particle of starch in Lyon, France in 1904. In 1907, it was manufactured and sold by their brother. The first panchromatic dry plate was released in the United King in 1906. Christian Schad in Germany and Man Ray separately tried to the method of effect that created the light and shadow by directly exposing the light on the printing paper without using the camera in 1918. John Heartfield, Aleksander Mikhailovich Rodchenko and other people tried to produce the Photocollage and Photomontage in 1920. It appeared the compact camera, for example: Heinrich Ernemann produced “Ermanox” and “Leica Camera” was produced by Ernst leitz in 1924-1925. It was able to take the high-speed shutter of natural light by repetition. This way approached the new development of photojournalism. In 1927, it was established the photograph agency “Weltrundschau” in Berlin in 1927. The same year, it was opened the television to the public for the first time in the United States of America. After year, it was established “Dephot (Deutscher Photodienst).” In 1928, Rollei in German announced the Rolleiflex that was twin lens reflex camera. In 1932, it published the photographs monthly magazine “Kouga” by Nojima Yasuzou, Nakayama Iwata and Kimura Ihei as a coterie in Tokyo. In the USA, the first panchromatic roll film was sold in 1933. In 1935-1942, Resettlement Administration (RA) in America employed Walker Evens and Dorothea Lange and they planned a great photograph project take and record some photographs of farm village when world crisis. RA was renamed Farm Security Administration (FSA) in 1937. Eastman Kodak released the color reversal film “Kodachrome film” that was packaged in cassettes like normal 35mm film in 1936. The same year, it was published photograph weekly magazine “LIFE” that was the 20 century’s greatest magazine in the USA. In 1939, the Stroboscope was invented by an American photojournalist. Ansco in the USA, Agfa in Germany and Konica in Japan sold “natural color film” and Eastman Kodak sold “Kodachrome film” and “Kodachrome paper” in 1940. In The Museum of Modern Art, New York, it was established officially a section of photograph in the same year. In 1944, it was sold “Kodacolor” that was the color negative film of the multiple emulsion color. The company also sold the color reversal film “Ektachrome” that was able to develop in the dark room in 1946. After year, Edwin Herberd Land was an American inventor and he was the inventor of the Polaroid camera. In 1948, it was sold the world’s first instant camera “Polaroid land 95” that was invented by Edwin Land. The same year, Japan Optical industries Corporation (now it was called Nikon Corporation) sold the film 35 mm “Nikon I.” Eastman Kodak released the high sensitive roll film “TRY X” in 1954. In 1959, “Nikon F” that was the single-lens reflex camera was sold by Nikon Corporation.  It was invented the laser light can form the images of Holography in 1960. Eastman Kodak sold the high sensitively color reversal film “Kodachrome Ⅱ” in 1961. Sylvania Company and Eastman Kodak sold the Flash cube that was light for taking some photographs in 1965. Polaroid Corporation announced “SXF-70” that was the epoch-making Polaroid camera system in 1972. SCITEX introduced the system that was able to make montage and divide the color by using the computer and could edit the images when the first stage of printing to publish. At the Gallery museum in Paris city, it was hold the Paris Monthly Photography Part 1 in 1980 and the event had been hold in alternate years since then. Sony Corporation sold the electronic still camera “Mavica” in 1982. Apple incorporated released the Macintosh computer that was the easily graphic disposal in 1984. It was announced the first complete digital camera “Fuji DS-1P” in 1988. In 1989, that year was the 150 anniversary of Daguerreotype’s announced to be invented and the Memorial Exhibition and the publication was hold and sold a lot in the world. It was sold the spread type and low price digital camera “QV10” by CASIO Company and the camera became big boom in 1995. The after year, Eastman Kodak sold the advanced photograph system APS Camera. It was sold the digital single-lens reflex camera “D1” by Nikon Corporation in 1999. It was released the first mobile phone with camera “J-SH04 (J phone)” on 2000. The world number of shipments of digital camera overtook the analog camera in 2002. The Museum of Modern Art, New York remodeled and expanded the part of photographs.

Down of the Photo in Japan

 In 1848, Daguerreotype came to Japan. Collodion process (= the glass photography) was introduced in Japan. In 1854, it was able to look portrait of Japanese people on the silver plate by Eliphalet Brown Jr. for the first time. Brown Jr. was a photographer of Perry’s squadron. In 1857, it succeeded to take a picture of Japanese people by Japanese people for the first time. The photo was the portrait of Shimazu Nariakira that was preserved as the oldest portrait in existence. Collodion process was used generally in 1862 (Nagasaki city, Yokohama city and Hakodate was pioneer figure to open). The professional photographers looked at not only human being but also nature and scenery in the middle the 19 century. It was established the Development Commissioner in Hakkaido prefecture in 1869. Otonashi Shouzan worked as a photographer in Hakodate and he was taken some pictures in Ishikari, Sapporo and Otaru by orders of the pioneer. Other photographers was affected Otonashi and they also engaged in the record. Their records marked amazing results as compared with the record of pioneer period in the western part of the United States. It was the masterpiece records in the early Japanese photography. In 1872, Takebayashi Seiichi moved from Hakodate to Sapporo and opened the photograph museum there. He also became a director of photograph. In United States of America, the photographer also participated in the resumption of pioneer period in western part after the Civil War and started to record in 1867. It increased a lot of foreign visitors that was interested at the landscape, custom and humanity of Japan from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period. In the mid-Meiji era, it was sold the Yokohama photographs that were the album as gift for overseas visitors. It had been posting the photographs of stronger exaggeration performances in order to match the exoticism. In Japanese invasion of Taiwan in 1874, it added Matsuzaki Shinzo and one person as the photograph team of the private war. Ueno Hikoma took the four switching in Satsuma Rebellion to been ordered the photos patronized in 1877. Therefore it was took some photographs in earnest at the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War. From the Meiji era, it was taken the social disaster as object in many times. For example: American steamship’s fire that staying at Yokohama port in 17872, Mount Bandai’s eruption in 1888 and the big earthquake of Noubi area in 1891.

 At present, there are a lot of camera innovations. Japan is importing variously camera or photographs from overseas and is exporting them to overseas, too.

Even after the 2000s, Camera and Photographs have developed together and they are living as art the record.

Photographs have a lot of charm points and give the artistic for us. It takes us the　made-up world. The world is full of beauty, dark, bright, free, great, interesting, exciting, sadness, wonderful, exotic, deeply, thickly and the other expressions.

 At first, Camera and Photograph was new and valuable culture when it come them in Japan. Photographs were Culture to enough to full of amazement and curiosity. On the other hand, the general public had to need a long time to see directly the Photograph when it the social organization of exclusive hangings. Those days, all photographers were interested at person, in a word, the portrait very well. However it had the different characteristics between the Oriental painting and the Western painting. The Western painting was reappearance of a real character existence of subject and has to be a naturalistic and an objective. The Oriental painting tends to draw lively the personality and character of the person and essential qualities that subjective personal expression to be based on being animated with grace. Actually, in the middle Meiji era, the photographs were taken the Western-style buildings were made in the early Meiji era, the streets, and the harbors. It also was taken the famous place and the picturesque scenery such as Kyoto Imperial Palace, the Great Buddha Hall of Todai-ji Temple, and the Great Buddha of Kamakura, the old highway, the former Daimyo residences and other spots. It was pretty trusted the realism of camera function. After a short time, such as modern pictures, the various scenic beauty that be colored each seasons the nature, for example, the mountains, the river, the sea, the rural districts and the forest in Japan was stared at those things and was fixed on the screen of camera. As it was previously mentioned, it was a new culture in Japan and it was a star of new period to the photographer in the middle of Japan’s Westernization movement during the Meiji era. Eventually, it was increased the opportunities to be taken the photographs of people. Photographs were treasured as the western culture instead of the pictures. At that time in Japan, it was fresh to come in touch with Camera and Photograph for people. It had been gotten the advantage of excitement and expansion to “watching” by the general public.

 Have you ever thought why we can study about the history and other things of Japan and overseas? If it was only the sentences in the text books, we would not be as interested in the history and other things. Perhaps, a few people who lived at that time would want to be left the circumstances of their lives for modern people even if it would physically disappear. Thanks to their thought, we can learn about various things in textbooks when we were the students and children. The portrait of ordinary people and the genre picture was things instead of the historical picture in order to transmit posterity. Therefore these teach modern people about lives of those days in the textbooks. Photographs are expressed not only in the artistic sense but also the old day’s lives.

 Next, do you feel something when you see photographs? There are many opinions and feeling. Some people feel good and other people feel bad or sad. It is the different form of photographs such as landscape, people, animals, objects and other things. It taken some photographs when we were childhood, we went the trip, met friend and other situation. Therefore photographs give us various feelings and recollection. It expresses the recollection, feeling of those days, individual not to seeing the things, and other events. Photograph is the skillful tools because it is developing the function and how to use with the new technology. Moreover it is increasing the charm and strong point of photograph, too.

 We recognize that the photograph is able to be a large success. Photos create the spiritually rich society.

On the other hand, there are people in the world who do not take any photographs, too. The person said that three accurate opinions and grounds. One is remembering abject and landscapes. When we observe closely we can value the moment more than by taking some photos. Second is what do you do if the data in smartphone or camera is broken by water or fall? Maybe it also is possible that the data will disappear and it thinks the valuable memories will disappear, too. Third is it sometimes cannot take any photograph of the all moment in some cases. Actually photographs are still picture, not movie. In regards to the first reason, we know, it is great for our brain and eyes to remembering the things. To feel natural and things directly maybe touch the art clearly. Moreover it makes people susceptibility to arts. However, photograph of natural is shown the natural color indirectly as see the natural directly. Similarly, photograph gives people susceptibility to art and sensitive. In regards to the second reason, the weak points of electronic machine is water, dust, magnetism, humidity, heat, be not too hard, to sometimes frozen when this overworked, not to use for long time and other things. The data is pretty sensitive. However, it is many type or method to save the data. For example, USB memory (USB=Universal Serial Bus), microSD, HDD (Hard Disk Drive) and other saving way. It can save to share the data in the application of photograph between smart phone and personal computer, recently. In regards to the third reason, there is the thinking to photographs does not move. Moreover, photographs do not sound and voice, too. So, people cannot take the photographs all the moment. It sometimes can take the blurred photographs. There is the function of continuous photograph in the smartphone and the digital single-lens reflex camera recently. It can take many photographs, however, it sometimes is too lot to take and save the photographs.

 Next, there is the new problem. This problem is “Is photograph the part of art?” and it had been discussed when the photographs were invented. There are the two answers and various reasons. It cannot answer simply like yes or no. Some people say the answer of this question is yes. The reason is art attracts many people and photographs also attract people in the world. There are many colors in art and photograph. The colorful expresses feeling, movement, circumstance and other things. Landscape and movement are art without taking the photographs. However, taking the phot of the landscape and the move as arts means to express the art. Other people say the answer of this problem is no. Because sometimes photograph is shown the real and true. Some photographers take the photographs of some events, some bright illumination or gorgeous places. Other photographers take the photographs of war, dispute or danger places. To take the photographs of danger situation is shown the real and true for us. The real and true is meaning to occur the accidents in the other countries now. We cannot turn our gaze away from these accidents. To take the photographs these accidents is not shown the artistic. This is just the real. In the way, photographs are not art. There are many denial opinions.

When photographs were invented first, the artistry of photography was not recognized. The reasons are Daguerreotype can reproduce the object correctly in detail, however, this was regarded to be the mechanical copy technical. Moreover, this was judged not to have the breath and soul that should live in the works of art. In other words, photographs were taken by Daguerreotype was the attractively, however, it was thought to only was the copy that was produced by the machine. However, the paper photograph was recognized because beauty of the paper photograph. In the beauty of paper photograph, it was similar to a woodprint, a watercolor painting and a wash drawing that was created generally in those days. In the early 1850, it was insisted the side of photograph as the art. In those days, photograph was the new technology to across the various field, thus it was the first aim to information exchange. A person said that the truth of art is not to imitate the natural foolish without mercy, is to interpret the natural spiritually. Other person emphasize the base of picture that to producing the peculiar “picturesque effect” to art-photograph is important the formation of screen, harmony and balance. Moreover, he insisted “combination printing,” is a photograph to make and combine the number of photograph, only be able to idealize and reconfigure the nature in the raw. The photograph as art is an artistic photograph through the various processes and it recognize as “art photograph” before one realized. In fact, “art photograph” that was taken and made by photographer is only “artistic photograph” and the observe that see it makes it truly art photograph. Thus photograph is art and is not art. Photograph has multiple aspects, too.

 Sano Hiroshi said “photograph is a surprisingly magic that was created by human and photographer is a magician that manipulates the magic (photograph)” in his book, “Media-photography (Sano, 2005:13).” In this book, it mentions that it is changing the relation between magic (photograph) and magician (photographer) because the media intervenes, too. Magic (photograph) of photographer is drunk the different medicine and is sent in the world. The different medicine means their intention and thought of the media and doesn’t mean the truly things that photographer (magician) want to tell to people. I think it is the mix of information and the abuse of magic. Photograph is itself the media because photograph has ability of transmitting something. The almost “well-known person” obey “intention of media” in order to get “money and honor” at the same time. Then, the media contrivance intercepts “we have seen in the reproduced object” as sense of reality and makes it “suddenly the empty and parasitic form.” Moreover, it injects the stereotype meaning that was implicated by “intention of media” into the form. The number of photograph has the possibility to be “photograph as art,” become “the pure manifestation” that get way from the intention of writer by time series change and get the aura. For example, photograph that photographer takes as “work of art” is not art photograph from the beginning. At the first, it was taken as the photograph that was been “taking reality” or “photograph to make.” Thus a media-photograph is the media-photograph through the various processes just like an art photograph. We, the public, do not move the real thing our heart at all, but we admire to similar it. Moreover, we only see the media-photograph as “similar thing” and we do not the real thing as it is. Then the thing that we see through the media tools is been the photograph by media intention. It is not all real things. The mechanical contrivance like magazine, newspaper, internet and other media takes away the truly the charm of photograph. These take away to take and look the photograph and hands of people to take and look the photograph. “Media-photograph” of a Japanese wide sense is certain that on one hand go “photography private”, on other hand go “advertising photograph” that youthful, moving and gives impression. However it is enlargement of advertising cost and it is changing the development of Japanese economy, advertisement and advertising photograph. Anyone who takes the famous advertising photograph can become the “notable photographer.” Thus it is prove to be disappointing about specialization while it is being important to fame or popularity of person that take photograph. Moreover it is increasing the photographer to force media’s motive to their motive. They did not make useless effort and they started taking the photograph by their interests without the media. On the other hand, there are not the media for photographers who know that photograph is profound tools. They need to arrange the media for them. This means that it is not intervened the third party and it can spread the truly photograph and caption such as think, opinion, poem and other sentence of photographers.

ⅰ.Mostly used on Social Networking Service (SNS)

 (―Expression on the Internet―

 From 1990’s, the personal computer has become popular in the world, at the same time, it consisted the world-wide-web (www) completely. Simultaneously this new communication tools was the primitive expression place for many photographers. In the last of the 1990’s, some photographers set up websites. In a lot of cases, the website uploaded only the introduction of themselves career and the works of arts, however, it also was the trial that will be the actively announced place. For instance, the images or photographs that were taken by digital camera upload to the website as a “diary” every day.

 It also appears the treated critical works of arts for the wriggling images on the internet. For example, “Nude (2000-2002)” by Thomas Ruff was a one of the representative artist of Becher-Schule and it is being the works of arts to the huge expansion the pornography. From this experimental trial, it ought to move to derogate the framework of photographic expression so far.) (Izawa, 2004:150)

Recently, people of all generations use various SNS by computer or smartphone (mobile phone). SNS is a regular part of communication tools between people. SNS technology can send a words, photographs (or pictures), movies or other things. It is checked by people in all over the world. Therefore, one can check all things on SNS at all time. People upload photographs of mountains, seas, trees, flowers, animals, interiors, kitchen goods, cuisine, fruits, sweets, people, vehicles, and every other thing on Earth. These are shared and saved by other people’s data automatically, sometimes. Interestingly enough, it tends to worry people about being in the public eye all the time. The communication by personal computer’s screen is the communication that photograph carries the excitement directly. It is different the communication tool between the personal computer’s screen size and mobile phone’s (smart phone’s). The screen of personal computer is the bigger than the mobile phone’s (smart phone’s screen). In it, it was sleeping the abstruse pleasure no other. Therefore people want everyone to check one’s recent condition and one’s favorite or interested things. For example, on Instagram. There are more than 70 million images (photographs) and video a day. They are posted by regular users numbering more than 300 million. The appropriate caption helps the images rise above the digital clutter and gain likes, and, most of all, it adds an unexpected layer of meaning. However if you use too many hashtags with photographs, you will look like a plea for new followers. It is easy to remains a casual place and share photographs of scenic landscapes for many Instagram user. On the other hand, it is about creating a collection of photographs that influences their style and generates a following.

ⅱ.Displaying photographs at art museums

There are the great museums in many countries. Museums display pictures, calligraphy, sculptures and the photographs. These works of art were created by both famous and humble people. The amateurs include students of elementary school, junior high school, high school and university or the general public. The museums express or display the various themes as each season, the landscape, and other themes. It is able to felt people season sense by the work of art. The photographs is especially felt the sense of season because the quality of photos is exceedingly realistic than the other art. Especially the photographs of tree (leaves of tree) expresses the each season because the foliage change the color from green to red or yellow. It tends to desire the realistic to every art. However the photographs express not only realistic but also the world views of per photographers. For example, many photographers go to the same river and take some photographs. Their photograph is taken from the different angles. It is important to take the same things from the different angles by each photographers view. People watch it and can think the various points of view.

ⅲ.Haiku is increasingly being composed

Recently, people increasingly make Photo-Haiku. When we make the haiku, we go to some spot before. However, it is the main to make the Haiku by looking at the photographs. Increasingly there are television programs and contests to make the Photo-Haiku. It is the program to making the Photo-Haiku after people look at the photographs about various themes. They use the season words very well and make some Haiku. The advantages of Photo-Haiku are that everyone doesn’t have to go to the place directly. Therefore it is easy to explain the Haiku to everyone. Of course, it is great to go there directly and take more photographs. However, for Haiku contests the photograph is shown of only one scene or one pattern. It is easier to make Haiku to do that. We cannot feel the real emotion, but we need the imagination and feeling. Of an image for photograph is important for our brain. When we make Photo-Haiku, we can feel the real emotion as if we truly went to there. It is popular for overseas people and they often make Haiku in English. There is an article about Photo-Haiku in English in the Asahi Newspaper. The article inserted a lot of Haiku in English from many countries. Moreover, there is the Setouchi Matsuyama International Photo-Haiku Contest. It is popular for Haikuists. It is judged by very famous Haiku poets, especially Itsuki Natsui. Therefore my seminar’s teacher takes part in this contest and judges. The aim of this contest is to promote Haiku and photography. Photo-Haiku is a new art form and Matsuyama city wants to lead the innovation. Photograph and Haiku give us great impression.

I composed a Photo-Haiku.

                           A soft touch

                                          From my teacher

                                                        Picture postcards

This Photo-Haiku combines a photograph of two postcards and a haiku about how I felt receiving them. The postcards were given to me by my teacher who is an art teacher at junior high school. He traveled for one year in France and other countries to study fine art. The two postcards were sketched and drawn by him. I was glad to receive these pictures and admire the gentle pastel colors and fine sketched of European scenes. I was so moved that I took a photograph and wrote a Haiku to accompany the artwork.

ⅳ.New Technology

First, how do you use by when you take some photographs? Before the smartphone or mobile phone were spread in the world, it was used the compact digital camera in many times. The real pleasure of the compact digital camera is the times to develop the film that took the photographs. Because developing the photographs need to take the long time. However, young people are using the smart phones many times. If they bought the compact camera, they would edit and upload on the Internet by smart phones. The camera is used to take it only. To save is also in the smartphone. Because compact camera can just take and save the photographs, compact camera cannot share to other people. Would you like to want other people to look the photograph that was taken by yourself? Some people maybe do not want other people to look the photograph that was taken by you. As I mentioned in the introduction, it wonders which is the useful to take some photograph by Smartphone camera or Compact camera. Further it wonders why they choose it. As two biggest reasons to use the smartphone, modern people are worrying about other people and to think about us for other people in recent. Another biggest reason is the words that Ian Savage, training and development manager of Jessops Academy said that we cannot beat the convenience of mobile phones. A great play back display unit in its own right is always connected to share your images. Recently, it is information society in the world. It has created the various website, SNSs and application. They can use smartphones to enter the account or mail address. It sometimes is dangerous to use the smartphone. Smartphone should be safe and secure. It is continuing to increase the net crime to use the smartphone while it also is established the cybercrime project. It is increasing the net crime and the preventive measure from now. As other reasons, we want to know the many new things, our circumstances, amazing things and other things. Maybe it is thought that to know a thing is to know everything. Of course, it also is easy to whip smartphone and take a picture because it can be having it always. As the biggest reasons to use compact camera, one is smartphone camera are not as versatile as compact camera. Cameras of smartphone are fine for photographing static subjects in good light. However, dedicated cameras (compact camera) are still superior with moving subjects and in low or difficult lighting. Another biggest reason is battery. Smartphone has a lot of function such as websites, SNSs, some games and other applications. Because people will research somethings, play the games and other things, smartphone tend to run out of power by the end of the day. On the other hand, compact camera uses for long times than smartphone. Other reason is the picture quality. Compact cameras have the true optical zoom lens capability. It is better at shooting close-ups than close-ups were used by smartphone camera. The smartphone camera will have better functions like a strong battery, zoom lens and other functions in the future. From the above, I found that people would like to have both useful preservation and functionality when taking photographs.

 The visible objects cannot keep the original form for a long time. Someday it will break, get dirty, lose its luster and be lost. It is very easy to buy the same objects. However, we are attached to our properties that were bought by parents, grandparents, ourselves and other people. Photographs can remain the visible objects on the flat paper. I think we can and we should use the function that can remain the objects. It should remain the many memories on the photographs because photographs remind us of a lot of recollections. Even the recollections is good or bad memories. It is developing the function of camera and photograph and it is creating the great various tools to keep and preserve many photographs in somewhere. It is a lot of various kind of preservation. Of course, the fast progress of digitization in hard aspect is largely changing the system as taking―showing―looking the photograph. In the old days, photograph is media of expression and alternative record. However the digital images that vanish instantly evanesces the authority of the reality to the letter.  Therefore we may use the tools soon in the near future. It is not only increasing the function of camera but also increasing the place and atmosphere to display the varied photographs.

It tends not to use the paper medium such as the paper dictionaries, the paper maps, the paper books, the paper magazines, the paper coupon and the other paper medium recently. As a reason, it has a lot of applications and websites and young people overuse them. It is very useful to use the smartphone and share the much information with the companion. Actually it is using the services on the applications of smartphone like a coupon or somethings at the clothing stores, the restaurants, the convenience stores and other shops. It is very useful tool. However, sometimes it is problem and trouble on the smartphone. The problem and trouble are the impossible to access to the websites, the expiration the coupon and other troubles. The problem on the smartphone happen the new trouble such as the congestion of people, too. On the other hand, the paper medium is handing directly at the stores and people keep in the purse. Therefore, it is easy to take the ticket or coupon. Moreover we thank to use the paper made from woods or plants because the woods and the plants support our lives and our health. There were the development of photograph on both the development of photograph device and the development of duplicate media. It changed the quality of photographer’s action of photograph with photograph device and duplicate media. Moreover “the development of human society to live photographers” changed the meaning of the photographer’s action of photograph. Then these are a postulate. In it, it added personal motives in the society of living the photographers and it do the photographer’s action of photograph. Then the photograph influenced to us through the all sorts of media to mediate the photograph and is influencing the present time. Photograph can also be said that be expand to permeate and integrate into the modern art and commercial message.

In the last analysis, photograph is necessary to daily lives of modern people. It has long history with camera and art. Photograph was related to many inventors and it was a lot of materials. Photographs become record and art. Some people like to take some photograph, while other people do not like to take any photograph. We, people cannot force other people to like our favorite things. Because people can have the varied worth each other, we should enjoy our own hobbies. Photographs are splendid and remind the memories, circumstance, feeling and other things of those days. It is many ways to use the photographs. For example, it is the ways to share on the internet and the SNSs with short caption, to display at the museum as work of arts, to compose the Haiku, to remain the valuable things and other ways. It is the all method to express and exude our feeling and think. People sometimes use the photograph to record the events like the competition, the conference, and other situation. Photograph has the possibility of various things and it will be able to change the world’s common understanding. Photographers have the each view and the photograph that taken by photographers have various features. Photograph will take people the new world that unknown.

Photograph has the different features that sometimes photographs is record, art, to share with people, to compose the Haiku and other features. Truly, photograph is magical tools. The reason is photograph is an attractive item like a part of fashion. People tend to follow the trend soon. It is excellent trend while it gives bad impression to people. The excellent trend is to be spreading the user of taking photograph. The bad impression is to appear some people that have no manners. For example: some goes to enter the forbidden ground and take the place photograph, to break the beauty things and landscapes, some acts the bad manner, and other no behavior. It is a big problem because it maybe makes people of the countries and the impression worse. I think the country that the bad-manner people live is not good reputation. On the other hand, the country that the good-manner people live is excellent reputation. Maybe it is injured photographer’s reputation. We have to change the action and the consciousness for each country. With the crowds of the techno images changing rapidly like a kaleidoscope and with the text to read it, in the covered with people’s eyes and lives, in the photography acceptance usage, photograph existence’s meaning is largely changing. It said that, “Nevertheless, photograph may be playing a more important role to form the ‘individual’ network as our base language of visual recognition” (Kyoutozoukeigeijutsudaigaku: 2003, 306). Because the specialist of photographer or artist thinks that the world of internet-photograph is still the unknown world. For photographers, the photograph is not the tool to become the famous. Photography is itself the purpose. (Sano: 2003, 120) Photograph and photographer is contending with “automation,” to become famous, the hard to carry through the photo acts and the economic difficulties. Thus the photographer keeps taking the photograph.

  Then, finally I answer the question posed in Introduction: Why do you take photographs? “It’s because photograph is there.”